Network & Security Simulator

Explore TCP/IP, DNS, Encryption, and Network Concepts

TCP/IP Packet Simulator

See how your message gets broken into packets and sent across the internet!

How TCP Works

  1. Your message is broken into small packets
  2. Each packet gets a sequence number
  3. Packets travel across the internet (may take different routes!)
  4. Destination computer reassembles packets in order
  5. If a packet is lost, TCP requests a resend

Generated Packets:

Enter a message and click "Break into Packets"

💻
Your Computer

Source

→ → →
🌐
Internet

Routers & Switches

→ → →
🖥️
Destination

Server/Computer

DNS Lookup Simulator

See how domain names (like www.google.com) get converted to IP addresses!

What is DNS?

DNS = Domain Name System

It's like the "phone book" of the internet! Computers use IP addresses (numbers), but humans prefer names like google.com. DNS translates between them.

Popular DNS Servers

  • Google: 8.8.8.8
  • Cloudflare: 1.1.1.1
  • OpenDNS: 208.67.222.222
1️⃣
Browser Cache

Check if IP was recently looked up

2️⃣
OS Cache

Check operating system's DNS cache

3️⃣
Router Cache

Check your router's DNS cache

4️⃣
ISP DNS Server

Query your ISP's DNS (e.g., MTN, Vodafone)

5️⃣
Root DNS Server

Query root server for TLD (.com, .gh)

6️⃣
Authoritative DNS

Get the actual IP address!

IP Address Explorer

Understand IPv4 and IPv6 addresses and how they work!

IPv4 vs IPv6

IPv4: 192.168.1.1
IPv6: 2001:0db8:85a3::8a2e:0370:7334
IPv4 total: ~4.3 billion addresses
IPv6 total: 340 undecillion addresses!

IP Address Breakdown:

192
11000000
.
168
10101000
.
1
00000001
.
1
00000001

IP Address Info

Class: C (Private)

Type: Private Network

Binary: 11000000.10101000.00000001.00000001

Total bits: 32 bits (4 octets × 8 bits)

Common IP Address Ranges:

Private (Class A)

10.0.0.0 - 10.255.255.255

Large organizations

Private (Class B)

172.16.0.0 - 172.31.255.255

Medium networks

Private (Class C)

192.168.0.0 - 192.168.255.255

Home networks

Encryption Demo

See how encryption protects your data!

Real-World Encryption

  • HTTPS: Secure websites (padlock icon)
  • WPA2/WPA3: Wi-Fi security
  • AES-256: Used by banks, governments
  • End-to-End: WhatsApp, Signal

Original Text (Plaintext):

Enter text and click Encrypt...
↓ ENCRYPTION ↓

Encrypted Text (Ciphertext):

Encrypted result will appear here...

Encryption Types Comparison:

🔐 Symmetric Encryption

Same key to encrypt and decrypt

Example: AES, DES

Use: Fast, for large data

🔑 Asymmetric Encryption

Public key encrypts, private key decrypts

Example: RSA, ECC

Use: Secure key exchange

Connection Speed Comparison

Compare different connection types!

Dial-up (56 Kbps) 0.056 Mbps
0.056
DSL (25 Mbps) 25 Mbps
25
4G LTE (100 Mbps) 100 Mbps
100
Cable (300 Mbps) 300 Mbps
300
5G (1000 Mbps) 1 Gbps
1000
Fiber Optic (10 Gbps) 10,000 Mbps
10000+

Ghana Internet Context

  • MTN 4G: Typically 10-50 Mbps in cities
  • Vodafone Fiber: Up to 100 Mbps in Accra
  • Surfline 4G: 20-40 Mbps average
  • Rural areas: Often 2G/3G (0.5-5 Mbps)

Network Quiz

Score: 0 / 0
Click "Start Quiz" to begin!