Software Sorter

Key Difference

• System Software: Works in the background, manages hardware, required for computer to function
• Application Software: Used directly by users, performs specific tasks, optional

Operating System (OS)

The most important system software. It manages all hardware and software resources.

• Functions: Memory management, process management, file system, user interface
• Examples: Windows, macOS, Linux, Android, iOS
• Ghana context: Most computers in Ghana use Windows or Android

Device Drivers

Small programs that allow the OS to communicate with hardware devices.

• Purpose: Translate OS commands to hardware-specific instructions
• Examples: Printer driver, graphics driver, keyboard driver
• Without drivers: Your mouse, printer, or speakers won't work!

Firmware

Software permanently stored in hardware devices.

• Stored in: ROM or flash memory (can't easily change)
• Examples: BIOS (starts your computer), router firmware
• Ghana example: Your MTN router has firmware that you can sometimes update

Utility Software

Programs that help maintain, analyze, and optimize the computer.

• Antivirus: Kaspersky, Avast, Windows Defender
• Compression: WinRAR, 7-Zip
• Backup: Windows Backup, cloud backup tools
• Disk tools: Disk cleanup, defragmentation

Productivity Software

Applications that help people work more efficiently.

• Word processors: Microsoft Word, Google Docs
• Spreadsheets: Microsoft Excel, Google Sheets
• Presentations: PowerPoint, Google Slides
• Ghana usage: Used in schools, offices, WAEC registration

Web Browsers

Applications for accessing the internet and viewing websites.

• Popular: Chrome, Firefox, Safari, Edge, Opera
• Mobile: Chrome (Android), Safari (iOS)
• Features: Tabs, bookmarks, extensions, private browsing